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Clinical lab results and Sample Metadata

At clinical visits at which subjects contributed blood samples, we also collected samples for a battery of clinical laboratory tests including Blood Chemistry, Blood Counts, Inflammatory Markers, and Lipid Profiles. These clinical laboratory results are available to download below.

Descriptors of the columns in our clinical lab results table can be found in the downloadable "clinical_lab_descriptors" table, or by clicking the header below:

Subject and Sample Metadata

Our clinical labs dataset results contain some sample-level metadata to enable connection between these results and samples used in other modalities. The sample.sampleKitGuid identifier is used across many data modalities:

Sample Identifiers
cohort.cohortGuid: A Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) of the Cohort the subject enrolled in for our study subject.subjectGuid: A GUID for the Subject
sample.sampleKitGuid: A GUID for the Sample Kit, representing all material collected at a visit
sample.sampleGuid: A GUID for the sample collected for clinical lab testing

Subject Metadata (prefix: subject)
subject.biologicalSex: The biological sex of the Subject
subject.birthYear: The Birth Year of the Subject
subject.ageAtFirstDraw: The Age of the Subject at their first on-study sample collection
subject.race: The self-reported Race of the Subject
subject.races: The self-reported Race of the Subject
subject.ethnicity: The self-reported Ethnicity of the subject

Sample Metadata (prefix: sample)
sample.visitName: The name of the study visit (i.e. time point)
sample.visitDetails: Additional visit purpose/details, where available
sample.drawDate: The date of the study visit (Month and Year; e.g. 2021-03)
sample.subjectAgeAtDraw: The age of the Subject in years at the time of sample collection
sample.daysSinceFirstVisit: Timing of the sample collection relative to the first visit date (usually Flu Year 1 Day 0)
sample.diseaseStatesRecordedAtVisit: Disease state recored at the date of sample collection.

Clinical Lab Results

Data in the following columns of our table are results from clinical laboratory tests. Below, we show the column name, full name, units used, and normal ranges (where available). Normal ranges are provided as a guide, but may vary between clinical laboratories.

Anthropometric measures (prefix: am)

Colum Name	Full Name	Units
`am.bmi`	Body Mass Index (BMI)
`am.height`	Height	cm
`am.weight`	Weight	kg

Blood chemistry (prefix: chem)

Colum Name	Full Name	Units	Normal Range
`chem.alt`	Alanine Transaminase (ALT)	Units per L	7 - 52
`chem.albumin`	Albumin	g per dL	3.5 - 5.7
`chem.alkaline_phosphatase`	Alkaline Phosphatase	Units per L	39 - 117
`chem.ast`	Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)	Units per L	12 - 39
`chem.t_bili`	Bilirubin, Total (T-Bili)	mg per dL	0.1 - 1.3
`chem.bun`	Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)	mg per dL	7 - 25
`chem.calcium`	Calcium	mg per dL	8.6 - 10.3
`chem.co2`	Carbon Dioxide (CO2)	mmol per L	21 - 31
`chem.cl`	Chloride (Cl)	mmol per L	98 - 108
`chem.creatinine`	Creatinine	mg per dL	0.7 - 1.3
`chem.egfr_aa`	Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) - African American	ml per min per 1.73 m2	< 60
`chem.egfr_non_aa`	Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) - Non-African American	ml per min per 1.73 m2	< 60
`chem.globin`	Globin	g per dL	2 - 3.5
`chem.glucose`	Glucose	mg per dL	70 - 199
`chem.ldh`	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Units	0 - 210
`chem.magnesium`	Magnesium	mg per dL	1.8 - 2.4
`chem.phosphate`	Phosphate	mg per dL	2.5 - 4.5
`chem.potassium`	Potassium	mmol per L	3.5 - 5.1
`chem.protein`	Protein, Total	g per dL	6.4 - 8.9
`chem.sodium`	Sodium	mmol per L	133 - 145

Blood Counts (prefix: bc)

Colum Name	Full Name	Units	Normal Range
`bc.perc_basophils`	% Basophils	percent
`bc.perc_eosinophils`	% Eosinophils	percent
`bc.perc_lymphocytes`	% Lymphocytes	percent
`bc.perc_monocytes`	% Monocytes	percent
`bc.perc_neutrophils`	% Neutrophils	percent
`bc.basophil_count`	Absolute Basophil Count	count per uL	0 - 202
`bc.eosinophil_count`	Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC)	count per uL	0 - 400
`bc.lymphocyte_count`	Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC)	count per uL	1000 - 4800
`bc.monocyte_count`	Absolute Monocyte Count (AMC)	count per uL	200 - 900
`bc.neutrophil_count`	Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)	count per uL	1800 - 6600
`bc.hematocrit`	Hematocrit	percent	39.2 - 50.2
`bc.hemoglobin`	Hemoglobin	g per dL	12.1 - 18.1
`bc.mch`	Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)	pg	27.5 - 35.1
`bc.mchc`	Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)	g per dL	32 - 36
`bc.mcv`	Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)	fL	80 - 100
`bc.mpv`	Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)	fL	7.2 - 11.7
`bc.platelet_count`	Platelet Count	thousand count per uL	150 - 400
`bc.red_blood_cell_count`	Red Blood Cell Count	million count per uL	4.18 - 6.09
`bc.rdw`	Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)	percent	11.7 - 14.2
`bc.wbc`	White Blood Cell Count (WBC)	thousand count per uL	4 - 11.1

HCMV Serology (prefix: cmv)

Colum Name	Full Name
`cmv.igg_serology`	CMV IgG Serology Result (ELISA)
`cmv.igg_serology_interpretation`	CMV IgG Serology Result Interpretation

Inflammatory Markers (prefix: infl)

Colum Name	Full Name
`infl.anti_ccp3`	Anti-CCP3
`infl.anti_ccp31`	Anti-CCP31
`infl.hs_crp`	C-Reactive Protein, High-Sensitivity (HS-CRP)
`infl.rf_iga_interpretation`	RFIgA Interpretation
`infl.rf_iga_result`	RFIgA Result
`infl.rf_igm_interpretation`	RFIgM Interpretation
`infl.rf_igm_result`	RFIgM Result
`infl.esr`	SED Rate-Westergren (ESR)

Lipid Profile (prefix: lip)

Column Name	Full Name	Units	Normal Range
`lip.cholesterol_hdl`	Cholesterol, HDL	mg per dL	40 - 59
`lip.cholesterol_ldl`	Cholesterol, LDL	mg per dL	57 - 129
`lip.cholesterol_non_hdl`	Cholesterol, Non-HDL	mg per dL	0 - 189
`lip.cholesterol_total`	Cholesterol, Total	mg per dL	136 - 239
`lip.chlesterol_hdl_ratio`	Cholesterol/HDL Ratio	ratio
`lip.triglycerides`	Triglycerides	mg per dL	48 - 149

Sound Life Clinical Lab Results and Metadata

File Name	Description	Download Link
aifi_sound-life_clinical_lab_results.csv
aifi_sound_life_clinical_lab_descriptors.csv

scRNA-seq Data

scRNA-seq data was generated on the 10x Genomics 3' scRNA-seq Platform (v3.1). For data collection and processing details, see the Cohorts, Experimental Methods, and Data Analysis Methods sections.

Below, we provide labeled and annotated PBMC scRNA-seq data from our healthy adult cohorts. Because this is a large dataset, we have divided the data to enable data transfer.

All .h5ad files for this project contain sample and subject metadata, in addition to cell type labels and QC metrics. Click the header below for descriptions of these metadata:

Each file contains sample-level metadata, as well as cell-level cell type labels and QC metrics. The following values are stored in the .obs section of these .h5ad files as descriptions of observations:

Sample Identifiers
cohort.cohortGuid: A Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) of the Cohort the subject enrolled in for our study subject.subjectGuid: A GUID for the Subject
sample.sampleKitGuid: A GUID for the Sample Kit, representing all material collected at a visit
specimen.specimenGuid: A GUID for the specific aliquot used for the experiment
pipeline.fileGuid: A GUID for the specific analysis pipeline output file used for analysis

Subject Metadata
subject.biologicalSex: The biological sex of the Subject
subject.birthYear: The Birth Year of the Subject
subject.ageAtFirstDraw: The Age of the Subject at their first on-study sample collection
subject.ageGroup: The Age Group of the Subject (Young Adult or Older Adult)
subject.race: The self-reported Race of the Subject
subject.ethnicity: The self-reported Ethnicity of the subject
subject.cmv: The CMV Status of the subject, as determined by an HCMV assay
subject.bmi: The BMI of the Subject

Sample Metadata
sample.visitName: The name of the study visit (i.e. time point)
sample.drawDate: The date of the study visit (Month and Year; e.g. 2021-03)
sample.subjectAgeAtDraw: The age of the Subject in years at the time of sample collection

Process Identifiers
batch_id: A GUID for the batch of samples processed together (e.g. B039)
pool_id: A GUID for the pool of samples combined for Cell Hashing (e.g. B039-P1)
chip_id: A GUID for the 10x Genomics chip the cells were loaded into (e.g. B039-P1C2)
well_id: A GUID for the 10x Genomics well the cells were loaded into within the chip (e.g. B039-P1C2W4)
*barcodes: A GUID for the individual cell
original_barcodes: The original, sequence-based barcode generated by 10x Genomics Cell Ranger software
cell_name: A quasi-unique, memorable cell identifier generated using an adjective-adjective-animal structure

*used as the primary cell index in our .h5ad files

Cell QC Metrics
n_reads: Number of reads assigned to the cell barcode
n_umis: Number of Unique Molecular Identifiers (unique molecules) detected
n_genes: Number of genes with at least 1 UMI detected
total_counts_mito: Total number of reads that were assigned to mitochondrial genes
pct_counts_mito: Percent of reads that were assigned to mitochondrial genes
doublet_score: Doublet score assigned by Scrublet for doublet detection

Cell Labeling Results
AIFI_L1: Final broad class cell type label (9 types)
AIFI_L1_score: AIFI_L1 prediction score generated by CellTypist
predicted_AIFI_L1: Predicted AIFI_L1 type assigned by CellTypist
AIFI_L2: Final mid resolution cell type label (29 types)
AIFI_L2_score: AIFI_L2 prediction score generated by CellTypist
predicted_AIFI_L2: Predicted AIFI_L2 type assigned by CellTypist
AIFI_L3: Final high resolution cell type label (71 types)
AIFI_L3_score: AIFI_L3 prediction score generated by CellTypist
predicted_AIFI_L3: Predicted AIFI_L3 type assigned by CellTypist

Subject Group .h5ad files

Here, we group samples based on Cohort, Subject Biological Sex, and CMV status to generate subsets of data for use in analysis.

We are providing our scRNA-seq data in AnnData (.h5ad) format. For more details about AnnData, see the AnnData Documentation Page.

Each file provided below contains a subset of the full > 13 million cell dataset. Sample counts, cell counts, and approximate file sizes are below:

File Name	N Subjects	N Samples	N Cells	File Size
SoundLife_OlderAdult_Female_CMVneg.h5ad	10	91	1,350,748	21 GB
SoundLife_OlderAdult_Female_CMVpos.h5ad	17	163	2,596,111	41 GB
SoundLife_OlderAdult_Male_CMVneg.h5ad	12	116	1,750,565	29 GB
SoundLife_OlderAdult_Male_CMVpos.h5ad	8	80	1,322,061	21 GB
SoundLife_YoungAdult_Female_CMVneg.h5ad	18	162	2,616,824	41 GB
SoundLife_YoungAdult_Female_CMVpos.h5ad	10	76	1,234,234	12 GB
SoundLife_YoungAdult_Male_CMVneg.h5ad	12	107	1,712,244	28 GB
SoundLife_YoungAdult_Male_CMVpos.h5ad	9	73	1,206,761	12 GB

Sound Life Subject Group .h5ad Files

File Name	Description	Download Link
Sound_Life_OlderAdult_Female_CMVneg.h5ad	Female CMV-negative Older Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_OlderAdult_Female_CMVpos.h5ad	Female CMV-positive Older Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_OlderAdult_Male_CMVneg.h5ad	Male CMV-negative Older Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_OlderAdult_Male_CMVpos.h5ad	Male CMV-positive Older Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_YoungAdult_Female_CMVneg.h5ad	Female CMV-negative Young Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_YoungAdult_Female_CMVpos.h5ad	Female CMV-positive Young Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_YoungAdult_Male_CMVneg.h5ad	Male CMV-negative Young Adult Subjects
Sound_Life_YoungAdult_Male_CMVpos.h5ad	Male CMV-positive Young Adult Subjects

Cell type .h5ad files

Here, we group cells by major cell type category. These files contain cells from all samples.

We are providing our scRNA-seq data in AnnData (.h5ad) format. For more details about AnnData, see the AnnData Documentation Page.

Each file provided below contains a subset of the full > 13 million cell dataset. Sample counts, cell counts, and approximate file sizes are below:

File Name	N Cells	File Size
SoundLife_b_plasma.h5ad	1,205,085	11 GB
SoundLife_dc_monocyte.h5ad	2,643,674	58 GB
SoundLife_nk.h5ad	1,114,975	11 GB
SoundLife_other.h5ad	94,244	0.6 GB
SoundLife_t_cd4_memory.h5ad	2,640,499	40 GB
SoundLife_t_cd4_naive.h5ad	2,839,099	38 GB
SoundLife_t_cd8.h5ad	2,264,102	34 GB
SoundLife_t_other.h5ad	987,870	9 GB

Sound LIfe Cell Type Group .h5ad Files

File Name	Description	Download Link
SoundLife_b_plasma.h5ad
SoundLife_dc_monocyte.h5ad
SoundLife_nk.h5ad
SoundLife_other.h5ad
SoundLife_t_cd4_memory.h5ad
SoundLife_t_cd4_naive.h5ad
SoundLife_t_cd8.h5ad
SoundLife_t_other.h5ad

Cell type frequency data

After labeling cell types, we tabulated the cell count for each of the 868 samples utilized in our study at each level of resolution in our Immune Health Atlas. Below, we provide these cell counts, the fraction of counts for each sample, and the centered log ratio (CLR) transformation of those fractions that we utilized for our analyses.

In addition, we utilized the absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) provided in our clinical blood count lab results for each sample (available below) to compute estimated cell type abundance based on normalization to ALC. For more details, see our Data Analysis Methods.

Descriptors of columns in the cell type frequency tables can be accessed by clicking on the header below:

Sample Metadata columns
cohort.cohortGuid: Cohort ID (BR1 or BR2)
subject.subjectGuid: Subject ID
subject.biologicalSex: Subject Sex (Female or Male)
subject.cmv: Subject CMV Status (Negative or Positive)
subject.bmi: Subject BMI (integer)
subject.race: Subject race
subject.ethnicity: Subject ethnicity
subject.birthYear: Subject Birth Year
subject.ageAtFirstDraw: Subject Age at earliest blood draw in study
sample.sampleKitGuid: Sample Kit ID
sample.visitName: Sample Visit Name
sample.drawDate: Sample Draw Date (Year-Month)
sample.subjectAgeAtDraw: Subject age at time of draw, based on year of Draw Date and Birth Year
specimen.specimenGuid: Specimen ID (pbmc_sample_id in .h5 files)

Frequency-related columns
(for AIFI_L1 as an example; AIFI_L1 is replaced with AIFI_L2 and AIFI_L3 for those levels)

AIFI_L1: Cell Type assignment
AIFI_L1_count: Count of cells within this sample with cell type assignment
total_cells: Total cells within this sample
scrna.lymphocyte_count: Sum of T, NK, and B cells
bc.lymphocyte_count: Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) from clinical Blood Counts (bc.)
alc_ratio: ALC per scRNA Lymphocyte Count
AIFI_L1_frac_total: Fraction of cells with cell type assignment divided by Total cells for this sample
AIFI_L1_alc: ALC estimate for this cell type assignment
AIFI_L1_clr: Centered Log Ratio computed using AIFI_L1_frac_total for all types within this sample

Sound Life scRNA-seq Cell Type Frequencies

File Name	Description	Download Link
sound_life_AIFI_L1_frequencies.csv
sound_life_AIFI_L2_frequencies.csv
sound_life_AIFI_L3_frequencies.csv

Pseudobulk scRNA-seq data

To perform analysis and display data per cell type for each sample, we assembled pseudobulk expression values for each high resolution (AIFI_L3) cell type in our cell type labels.

For use with differential expression tests using the DESeq2 framework, we assembled total UMI counts for each sample and cell type. For display of average expression, we normalized and log-transformed scRNA-seq count data, then computed mean values for each sample and cell type.

Below, we provide matrices of pseudobulk expression for each of these metrics, as well as sample and cell type metadata that are necessary for analysis.

Sound Life Pseudobulk scRNA-seq Data

File Name	Description	Download Link
sound-life_pseudobulk_mean-log-norm.tar.gz
sound-life_pseudobulk_sum.tar.gz

Differential expression test results

We utilized DESeq2 to perform comparisons between groups of pseudobulk scRNA-seq samples in our healthy cohorts. Most of these comparisons were cross-sectional; that is, we used data from a single time point (Flu Year 1 Day 0) to compare age groups, CMV status groups, and biological sex groups. For the Flu Vaccine comparison, we performed comparisons between 7 days post-vaccination (Flu Year 1 Day 7) and the day of vaccine administration (Flu Year 1 Day 0) for all subjects with longitudinal collection across both time points.

In each case, we provide a "Foreground" and "Background" group designation. Differential expression results with positive log2(Fold Change) indicate higher expression in the "Foreground" group, while results with negative values indicate higher expression in the "Background" group.

Comparison	scRNA-seq column	Background Group	Foreground Group
Age Group	`cohort.cohortGuid`	BR1 (Young Adult)	BR2 (Older Adult)
Flu Vaccine	`sample.visitName`	Flu Year 1 Day 0	Flu Year 1 Day 7
CMV Status	`subject.cmv`	Negative	Positive
Biological Sex	`subject.biologicalSex`	Female	Male

For each comparison, we provide DESeq results for each cell type and gene. For additional details, see the Data Analysis Methods section. Descriptions of the columns in these results are available by clicking the header below.

DEG Results columns
AIFI_L3: Level 3 (high resolution) cell type used for differential expression test
fg: Foreground group in the contrast
bg: Background group in the contrast
gene: Gene symbol for the contrast test
log2fc: Log₂(Fold Change) of average expression between groups.
padj: Adjusted P-value for the contrast test (using the Benjamini and Hochberg FDR method)
pvalue: Original P-value generated by DESeq2 for the contrast test
stat: Test statistic generated by DESeq2 for the contrast test

Sound Life Differential Gene Expression Results

File Name	Description	Download Link
sound_life_age-group_deseq2_results.csv
sound_life_biological-sex_deseq2_results.csv
sound_life_cmv-status_deseq2_results.csv
sound_life_flu-vaccine_deseq2_results.csv

scRNA-seq Batch Controls and QC Reports

As part of our scRNA-seq pipeline, we include a batch control sample as an aliquot of PBMCs derived from a single leukapheresis draw. Here, we provide the scRNA-seq data in .h5 format for use in batch comparisons to identify batch effects.

In total, this dataset contained samples from 99 scRNA-seq batches from 143 hashed sample pools. For additional details about our multiplexing and batching approach, see our Multiplexed scRNA-seq methods.

Sound Life Batch Control and QC Report Files

File Name	Description	Download Link
sound_life_batch_control_h5.tar
sound_life_batch_report_html.tar

GEO .h5 data access

In addition to the assembled data, above, we have deposited the demultiplexed, per-sample Cell Ranger output .h5 files in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for public access.

These .h5 files can be found on GEO at accession ID GSE271896.

These files can be read into analysis packages using functions designed for reading 10x Genomics Cell Ranger .h5 files.

Raw data in dbGaP

Raw data in FASTQ format will be available in dbGaP for controlled access. We are currently in the process of data deposition.